Arduino Electronics and Robotics Projects in BSD City, Tangerang

1. Recap: Variables as Labeled Containers

In Python, a variable functions as a storage box or container held in computer memory to store data, with a label placed on the box representing its variable name. The data held inside is called a “variable” because its value can vary or change throughout the life of a program.

In Python, you do not need to explicitly declare a data type beforehand. Whenever you assign data to a variable, Python automatically inspects the assigned value and determines its data type dynamically.

2. The Four Core Fundamental Data Types

Topic 12 introduces the four foundational data types used across Python programs:

Type	Description	Examples
Integer (int)	Whole numbers	25, 7, -5
Float (float)	Decimal numbers	3.5, -8.5
String (str)	Text, letters, symbols	"Ali Zafar"
Boolean (bool)	Binary flags	True or False

3. Detailed Breakdown & Code Examples

1. Integer (int)

• Definition: Used to store whole numbers, including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero, without any fractional or decimal component.
• Examples: 2, 5, 7, -3, -5, -8.

# Creating an integer variable
age = 25

# Displaying the value
print(age)

Output:

25

2. Floating-Point Numbers (float)

• Definition: Used for storing numbers that contain a fractional or decimal point.
• Examples: 3.5, 7.9, -8.5.
• Mathematical Operations: You can execute standard mathematical operations (+, -, *, /) directly on numerical variables.

score = 3.5
print(score)
print(score + 1)

3. Text Strings (str)

name = "Ali Zafar"
print(name)
message = name + " is good"
print(message)

4. Boolean Values (bool)

is_passed = True
print(is_passed)
is_passed = False
print(is_passed)

4. Checking Variable Types with the type() Function

score = 3.5
print(type(score))