Online Robotics and Coding Classes in South Jakarta

1. Introduction to Operators

In Python, operators are special symbols and keywords applied to variables and values to carry out specific computational tasks.

• Unary Operators: Require only a single operand.
• Binary Operators: Require two operands.

Python operators are divided into four major functional groups: Mathematical (Arithmetic), Comparison, Logical (Boolean), and Compound Assignment operators.

2. Mathematical (Arithmetic) Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
+	Addition	5 + 3	8
-	Subtraction	10 - 4	6
*	Multiplication	2 * 6	12
/	Division (Float)	15 / 3	5.0
//	Floor Division	17 // 3	5
%	Remainder (Modulus)	10 % 3	1
**	Exponent (Power)	2 ** 3	8

Standard Division (/) vs. Floor Division (//)

• Standard Division (/): Always produces a floating-point number (e.g., 15 / 3 outputs 5.0).
• Floor Division (//): Rounds down to the nearest integer floor (e.g., 17 // 3 outputs 5).

print(17 // 3)  # 5
print(10 % 3)   # 1
print(2 ** 3)   # 8

3. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators always return a boolean: True or False.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
==	Equality	5 == 5	True
!=	Inequality	7 != 3	True
>	Greater Than	10 > 2	True
<	Less Than	4 < 1	False

print(5 == 5)   # True
print(7 != 3)   # True
print(10 > 2)   # True
print(4 < 1)    # False

4. Logical (Boolean) Operators

Operator	Rule
and	True ONLY if BOTH operands are True
or	True if AT LEAST ONE operand is True
not	Inverts the value (True → False, False → True)

print(True and False)  # False
print(True or False)   # True
print(not True)        # False

5. Compound Assignment Operators

Compound assignment operators update a variable’s value in place:

x = 10
x += 5   # x = x + 5 → 15
x -= 3   # x = x - 3 → 12
x *= 2   # x = x * 2 → 24
x /= 4   # x = x / 4 → 6.0
print(x)